Five Key facts were researched. They are as follows:
1) AI is a new type of computer system. With a normal computer system inputted requests will only produce results (such as articles, blogs, and social media feeds) with similar key words or variables to the request. All information shown to the user is already existing material, created by human beings and posted for the world to see. With an AI system, the results can be in the form of a textual response, image, or other type of media which appears like it was human made.
2) The AI used by orthodontists includes 3D imaging and skeletal mapping capabilities which increase the exactness of procedures and enable providers to give the best treatment possible to patients. The painful mathematics that for decades has been done by professionals to determine plate sizes, tooth positioning, and probability of success rates are no longer a major part of dental training.
3) The training given to medical practitioners has changed. Gianna Dipalma, from the Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine in the University of Bari, Italy, who helped compile the orthodontic research says that “clinicians must be trained and competent in the use of AI-based orthodontic imaging tools” (1). Knowing how to interact with a computer correctly is essential to getting the most out of medical practices. Diplama goes on to state: “It is essential to know how to orient yourself in the use of AI while considering it a tool to support and not replace the critical and planning skills of humans” (1).
4) Because AI is a fairly new technology, safety has been one of the first things questioned by both patients and doctors. No operating system will ever be 100% safe, because human beings are never 100% correct. A good example of this comes from an algorithm developed by Apple circa 2021, which used Apple smartwatches to sense atrial fibrillation (irregular and rapid heartbeats that could signify blood clots or lead to stroke and heart failures). Theoretically this was an ingenious idea that could save people’s lives and protect them against heart problems. Unfortunately, concerns began to rise when those who were low-risk for atrial fibrillation–mostly younger people–began to be reported to medical authorities for heart problems (Haynes 34.2). This technology had several bugs, thankfully nothing that caused true problems. However, because of the continued increase in AI, these problems may become more severe if not checked by those who know how to use the technology.
5) AI has been helpful to patients with mental disorders who have not been able to come into the office--however professionals have determined that it will never replace in-person visits. The small comfort that AI chatbots are faceless, and emotionless, and less likely to treat you differently than the next person, gives some reason to use them over in-person counselors. However, it is because of the instinct, empathy, and connections that can be made by a human doctor that AI will never fully replace healthcare workers. The ability to see beyond the situation is what counts, and creating that bonding relationship with a patient is necessary. Being an engaged and professional doctor is what can lead to the best personalized care for patients.
Advice for future researchers:
1. Know what your stance is before researching: Do you want to support AI in the healthcare system or are you looking to discourage it?
2. Use Credo Databases when searching. It's full of scientific articles concerning AI, the uses it has in the healthcare industry and their impacts.
3. "Artificial Intelligence" is a very broad term. Know what kind of information you need before searching or you will spend hours going through vast amounts of information.
4. Read abstracts. Many of the publications are long and full of scientific notations. Understanding the idea of the body paragraphs of long articles can be long and time consuming. Reading the abstract or summary helps you find the right information faster.
Reflection on research experience:
AI is a very hot topic. Tons of research has been, and is currently being done. This means that I was able to find plenty of recent data, which I believe is an important part of informational sources because if it's not recent information on a recent topic then it's probably not relevant. One thing that I found interesting in my research was the idea that the training of doctors and the way that they work has changed. Many people picture the classic doctor as the one who gives physicals and check ups--basic stuff. However, the machines that are being used now are very different from any in the past and the way that doctors and patients alike are interacting with them is new.
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